Flotationhauv Kev Pabcuam
Flotation maximizes tus nqi ntawm ores los ntawm kev txawj ntse sib cais muaj nuj nqis minerals los ntawm gangue minerals nyob rau hauv mineral ua los ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj sib txawv. Txawm hais tias cuam tshuam nrog cov hlau tsis muaj hlau, cov hlau ferrous, lossis cov hlau tsis muaj hlau, flotation plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev muab cov khoom zoo raw khoom.
1. Flotation Methods
(1) Direct Flotation
Direct flotation hais txog lim cov zaub mov muaj txiaj ntsig los ntawm cov slurry los ntawm kev tso cai rau lawv ua raws li cov pa npuas thiab ntab rau saum npoo, thaum gangue minerals tseem nyob hauv slurry. Txoj kev no yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov hlau nonferrous. Piv txwv li, kev ua ore los txog rau theem flotation tom qab kev sib tsoo thiab sib tsoo hauv kev ua cov tooj liab ore, uas tshwj xeeb anionic collectors tau qhia los hloov cov hydrophobicity thiab tawm mus rau adsorb ntawm tooj liab minerals. Tom qab ntawd hydrophobic tooj liab hais txuas rau huab cua npuas thiab nce, tsim ib txheej ntawm froth featuring nplua nuj tooj liab. Cov froth no yog sau nyob rau hauv ua ntej concentration ntawm tooj liab minerals, uas ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug high-qib raw khoom rau ntxiv refinement.
(2) Rov qab Flotation
Rov qab flotation cuam tshuam nrog ntab cov khoom noj gangue thaum cov zaub mov muaj txiaj ntsig tseem nyob hauv slurry. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv hlau ore ua nrog quartz impurities, anionic los yog cationic collectors yog siv los hloov cov tshuaj ib puag ncig ntawm slurry. Qhov no hloov qhov hydrophilic xwm ntawm quartz mus rau hydrophobic, cia nws mus txuas rau huab cua npuas thiab ntab.
(3) Preferential Flotation
Thaum ores muaj ob lossis ntau yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig, qhov kev nyiam flotation cais lawv ua ntu zus raws li cov yam ntxwv xws li cov dej ntxhia thiab cov nqi nyiaj txiag. Cov txheej txheem flotation ib kauj ruam no ua kom txhua cov pob zeb muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rov qab nrog cov purity siab thiab rov qab los, ua kom muaj kev siv ntau tshaj plaws.
(4) Bulk Flotation
Bulk flotation kho ntau yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig tag nrho, ntab lawv ua ke kom tau txais kev sib xyaw ua ke, ua raws li kev sib cais tom qab. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv tooj liab-nickel ore beneficiation, qhov twg tooj liab thiab npib tsib xee cov zaub mov muaj kev sib raug zoo, bulk flotation siv reagents xws li xanthates los yog thiols tso cai rau ib txhij flotation ntawm sulfide tooj liab thiab npib tsib xee minerals, tsim ib tug tov concentrate. Cov txheej txheem sib cais tom qab, xws li siv cov txiv qaub thiab cyanide reagents, cais cov tooj liab siab ntshiab thiab npib tsib xee concentrates. Qhov "sau-thawj, cais-tom qab" txoj hauv kev no txo qis qhov poob ntawm cov zaub mov muaj txiaj ntsig hauv cov theem pib thiab txhim kho tag nrho cov nqi rov qab rau cov ore complex.
2. Cov txheej txheem Flotation: Ib kauj ruam los ntawm kauj ruam Precision
(1) Theem Flotation Process: Incremental Refinement
Nyob rau hauv flotation, theem flotation qhia cov txheej txheem ntawm complex ores los ntawm kev faib cov txheej txheem flotation rau ntau theem.
Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ob-theem flotation txheej txheem, cov ore undergoes ntxhib sib tsoo, ib feem liberating muaj nuj nqis minerals. Thawj theem flotation recovers cov liberated minerals li preliminary concentrates. Cov seem uas tsis muaj kev ywj pheej txuas ntxiv mus rau theem thib ob sib tsoo rau kev txo qis ntxiv, ua raws li theem thib ob flotation. Qhov no ua kom cov zaub mov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo sib cais thiab ua ke nrog thawj theem concentrates. Txoj kev no tiv thaiv overgrinding nyob rau hauv thawj theem, txo cov peev txheej pov tseg, thiab txhim kho flotation precision.
Rau ntau cov ores nyuaj, xws li cov uas muaj ntau yam hlau tsis tshua muaj nrog cov qauv siv lead ua nruj nruj, yuav siv cov txheej txheem peb-theem flotation. Hloov kev sib tsoo thiab flotation cov kauj ruam tso cai rau kev soj ntsuam xyuas kom zoo thiab xyuas kom txhua cov ntxhia muaj txiaj ntsig tau muab rho tawm nrog qhov siab tshaj plaws purity thiab rov qab los, tso lub hauv paus muaj zog rau kev ua haujlwm ntxiv.
3. Yam tseem ceeb hauv Flotation
(1) Tus nqi pH: Qhov sib npaug ntawm Slurry Acidity
Tus nqi pH ntawm slurry plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv flotation, profoundly influencing mineral nto zog thiab reagent kev ua tau zoo. Thaum lub pH yog siab tshaj ib tug ntxhia lub isoelectric point, lub nto yuav tsis zoo nqi; hauv qab nws, qhov saum npoo yog zoo them. Cov kev hloov pauv hauv cov nqi saum npoo no qhia txog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntxhia thiab cov tshuaj reagents, zoo li qhov ntxim nyiam lossis kev tawm tsam ntawm cov hlau nplaum.
Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv acidic tej yam kev mob, sulfide minerals tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm, ua kom yooj yim rau kev ntes cov phiaj sulfide minerals. Hloov pauv, alkaline tej yam kev mob pab txhawb lub flotation ntawm oxide minerals los ntawm kev hloov kho lawv cov khoom nto los txhim kho reagent affinity.
Cov ntxhia sib txawv xav tau cov qib pH tshwj xeeb rau flotation, yuav tsum muaj kev tswj xyuas meej. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv flotation ntawm quartz thiab calcite sib tov, quartz tuaj yeem floated nyiam los ntawm kev kho cov slurry pH mus rau 2-3 thiab siv cov amine-based collectors. Conversely, calcite flotation yog nyiam nyob rau hauv alkaline tej yam kev mob nrog fatty acid-raws li collectors. Qhov kev hloov pH meej no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav cov ntxhia sib cais.
(2) Reagent Regime
Cov txheej txheem reagent tswj cov txheej txheem flotation, suav nrog kev xaiv, ntau npaum li cas, npaj, thiab ntxiv cov reagents. Reagents xaiv adsorb rau lub hom phiaj pob zeb hauv av, hloov lawv cov hydrophobicity.
Frothers stabilize npuas hauv slurry thiab pab txhawb cov flotation ntawm hydrophobic hais. Cov frothers feem ntau suav nrog cov roj ntoo thuv thiab cov roj cresol, uas ua kom ruaj khov, ua npuas zoo rau cov khoom sib txuas.
Modifiers qhib los yog inhibit cov ntxhia saum npoo av thiab kho cov tshuaj lom neeg lossis electrochemical ntawm cov slurry.
Reagent ntau npaum li cas yuav tsum tau precision - tsis txaus cov nqi txo hydrophobicity, txo tus nqi rov qab, thaum cov khoom pov tseg ntau dhau, nce nqi, thiab cuam tshuam cov concentration zoo. Cov cuab yeej ntse xws lionline concentration metertuaj yeem paub qhov tseeb ntawm kev tswj cov tshuaj reagent.
Lub sij hawm thiab txoj kev ntawm reagent ntxiv kuj tseem ceeb heev. Adjusters, depressants, thiab ib co collectors feem ntau ntxiv thaum sib tsoo los npaj cov slurry cov tshuaj ib puag ncig thaum ntxov. Cov neeg sau khoom thiab cov frothers feem ntau yog ntxiv rau hauv thawj lub flotation tank kom ua kom lawv cov txiaj ntsig tau zoo thaum lub sijhawm tseem ceeb.
(3) Aeration Rate
Aeration tus nqi tsim cov kev pom zoo rau cov ntxhia-npaum txuas, ua rau nws yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv flotation. Tsis txaus aeration ua rau muaj npuas ntau dhau, txo cov kev sib tsoo thiab kev sib txuas, yog li cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm flotation. Over-aeration ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov ntau dhau, ua rau npuas kom tawg thiab tshem tawm cov khoom sib txuas, txo kev ua haujlwm.
Cov kws tsim khoom siv txoj hauv kev xws li kev sau roj lossis ntsuas qhov ntsuas cua raws li kev ntsuas kom zoo-tsim aeration tus nqi. Rau cov lus ntxhib, nce aeration los tsim cov npuas loj dua txhim kho flotation efficiency. Rau qhov zoo los yog yooj yim floated hais, ua tib zoo kho kom ruaj khov thiab zoo flotation.
(4) Lub Sijhawm Flotation
Lub sij hawm flotation yog qhov sib npaug ntawm cov qib siab thiab cov nqi rov qab, yuav tsum tau calibration meej. Thaum ntxov, cov zaub mov muaj txiaj ntsig tau nrawm nrawm rau cov npuas, ua rau cov nqi rov qab siab dua thiab cov qib siab.
Sij hawm dhau mus, raws li cov zaub mov muaj txiaj ntsig ntau tau ntab, gangue cov zaub mov kuj tseem tuaj yeem nce, diluting concentrate purity. Rau cov ores yooj yim nrog coarser-grained thiab yooj yim floated minerals, luv luv flotation lub sij hawm txaus, kom ntseeg tau siab rov qab tus nqi yam tsis muaj kev xyiv fab concentration qib. Rau cov complex los yog refractory ores, ntev flotation lub sij hawm yog tsim nyog los tso cai nplua-grained minerals txaus sib cuam tshuam lub sij hawm nrog reagents thiab npuas. Dynamic hloov ntawm flotation lub sij hawm yog ib tug yam ntxwv ntawm meej thiab npaum flotation technology.
Post lub sij hawm: Jan-22-2025
